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<input checked="" class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_3_5" type="checkbox"/>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3_5" id="__nav_3_5_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Guides
|
||
</span>
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
<nav aria-expanded="true" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_5_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="2">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_5">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Guides
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__toc" type="checkbox"/>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Keyboards Guide
|
||
</span>
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" href="keyboards.html">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Keyboards Guide
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<nav aria-label="Table of contents" class="md-nav md-nav--secondary">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Table of contents
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix="">
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="#introduction">
|
||
Introduction
|
||
</a>
|
||
<nav aria-label="Introduction" class="md-nav">
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="#keyboard-types">
|
||
Keyboard Types
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="#simple-keyboard-interactions">
|
||
Simple Keyboard Interactions
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="#extended-keyboard-interactions">
|
||
Extended Keyboard Interactions
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="#basic-api-classes">
|
||
Basic API & Classes
|
||
</a>
|
||
<nav aria-label="Basic API & Classes" class="md-nav">
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="#keyboards">
|
||
Keyboards
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="#buttons">
|
||
Buttons
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="#matrices">
|
||
Matrices
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="#keyboards-dsl">
|
||
Keyboards DSL
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="#working-with-keyboards">
|
||
Working with keyboards
|
||
</a>
|
||
<nav aria-label="Working with keyboards" class="md-nav">
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="#reply-keyboards">
|
||
Reply keyboards
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="#inline-keyboards">
|
||
Inline keyboards
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="#conclusion">
|
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Conclusion
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_3_6" type="checkbox"/>
|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3_6" id="__nav_3_6_label" tabindex="0">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Updates retrieving
|
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</span>
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
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<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_6_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="2">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_6">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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Updates retrieving
|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="../updates/updates-filters.html">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Updates filters
|
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</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="../updates/long-polling.html">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Long polling
|
||
</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="../updates/webhooks.html">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Webhooks
|
||
</span>
|
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</a>
|
||
</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="../updates/heroku.html">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Heroku
|
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</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_3_7" type="checkbox"/>
|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3_7" id="__nav_3_7_label" tabindex="0">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Logic handling
|
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</span>
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
|
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<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_7_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="2">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_7">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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Logic handling
|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a class="md-nav__link" href="../logic/api-extensions.html">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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API Extensions
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="../logic/behaviour-builder-with-fsm.html">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Behaviour Builder with FSM
|
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</span>
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="../logic/behaviour-builder.html">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Behaviour Builder
|
||
</span>
|
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</a>
|
||
</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="../logic/exceptions-handling.html">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Exceptions handling
|
||
</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="../logic/files-handling.html">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Files handling
|
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</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="../logic/low-level-work-with-bots.html">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Low-level work with bots
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="../logic/media-groups.html">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Media Groups
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="../logic/types-conversations.html">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Types conversations
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="../logic/updates-with-flows.html">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Updates with flows
|
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</span>
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_3_8" type="checkbox"/>
|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3_8" id="__nav_3_8_label" tabindex="0">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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DSLs
|
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</span>
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
|
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<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_8_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="2">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_8">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
DSLs
|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="../dsls/keyboards.html">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Keyboards
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="../dsls/live-location.html">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Live Location
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="../dsls/text.html">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Text
|
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</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
|
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</li>
|
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_4" type="checkbox"/>
|
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="../../krontab/index.html">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Krontab
|
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</span>
|
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</a>
|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_4">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
|
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</div>
|
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<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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Krontab
|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a class="md-nav__link" href="https://krontab.inmo.dev/">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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KDocs
|
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</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_4_3" type="checkbox"/>
|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_4_3" id="__nav_4_3_label" tabindex="0">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Introduction
|
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</span>
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
|
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<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_3_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="2">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4_3">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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Introduction
|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="../../krontab/introduction/including-in-project.html">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Including in project
|
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</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="../../krontab/introduction/how-to-use.html">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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How to use
|
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</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="../../krontab/introduction/faq.html">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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FAQ
|
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</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_4_4" type="checkbox"/>
|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_4_4" id="__nav_4_4_label" tabindex="0">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Describing
|
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</span>
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
|
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<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_4_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="2">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4_4">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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Describing
|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="../../krontab/describing/string-format.html">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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String format
|
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</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="../../krontab/describing/krontabscheduler.html">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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KrontabScheduler
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
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</li>
|
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_5" type="checkbox"/>
|
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="../../kslog/index.html">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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KSLog
|
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</span>
|
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</a>
|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
|
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</div>
|
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<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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KSLog
|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="https://kslog.inmo.dev/">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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KDocs
|
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</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="../../kslog/setup.html">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Setup
|
||
</span>
|
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</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="../../kslog/logging.html">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Logging
|
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</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_6" type="checkbox"/>
|
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
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<a class="md-nav__link" href="../../navigation/index.html">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Navigation
|
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</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</div>
|
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<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_6_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_6">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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Navigation
|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
|
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
|
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</li>
|
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
|
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</div>
|
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</div>
|
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</div>
|
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<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="toc">
|
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<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
|
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<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
|
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<nav aria-label="Table of contents" class="md-nav md-nav--secondary">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Table of contents
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix="">
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a class="md-nav__link" href="#introduction">
|
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Introduction
|
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</a>
|
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<nav aria-label="Introduction" class="md-nav">
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a class="md-nav__link" href="#keyboard-types">
|
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Keyboard Types
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a class="md-nav__link" href="#simple-keyboard-interactions">
|
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Simple Keyboard Interactions
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a class="md-nav__link" href="#extended-keyboard-interactions">
|
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Extended Keyboard Interactions
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="#basic-api-classes">
|
||
Basic API & Classes
|
||
</a>
|
||
<nav aria-label="Basic API & Classes" class="md-nav">
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="#keyboards">
|
||
Keyboards
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="#buttons">
|
||
Buttons
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="#matrices">
|
||
Matrices
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="#keyboards-dsl">
|
||
Keyboards DSL
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="#working-with-keyboards">
|
||
Working with keyboards
|
||
</a>
|
||
<nav aria-label="Working with keyboards" class="md-nav">
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="#reply-keyboards">
|
||
Reply keyboards
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="#inline-keyboards">
|
||
Inline keyboards
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="#conclusion">
|
||
Conclusion
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
|
||
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
|
||
<a class="md-content__button md-icon" href="https://github.com/InsanusMokrassar/docs/edit/master/docs/tgbotapi/guides/keyboards.md" title="Edit this page">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M10 20H6V4h7v5h5v3.1l2-2V8l-6-6H6c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v16c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h4v-2m10.2-7c.1 0 .3.1.4.2l1.3 1.3c.2.2.2.6 0 .8l-1 1-2.1-2.1 1-1c.1-.1.2-.2.4-.2m0 3.9L14.1 23H12v-2.1l6.1-6.1 2.1 2.1Z"></path></svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<a class="md-content__button md-icon" href="https://github.com/InsanusMokrassar/docs/raw/master/docs/tgbotapi/guides/keyboards.md" title="View source of this page">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M17 18c.56 0 1 .44 1 1s-.44 1-1 1-1-.44-1-1 .44-1 1-1m0-3c-2.73 0-5.06 1.66-6 4 .94 2.34 3.27 4 6 4s5.06-1.66 6-4c-.94-2.34-3.27-4-6-4m0 6.5a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5 2.5M9.27 20H6V4h7v5h5v4.07c.7.08 1.36.25 2 .49V8l-6-6H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h4.5a8.15 8.15 0 0 1-1.23-2Z"></path></svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<h1 id="keyboards-guide">Keyboards Guide<a class="headerlink" href="#keyboards-guide" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
|
||
<p>This guide will help you choose the right keyboard for your needs and show you various API facilities available in the library to support your choice.</p>
|
||
<h2 id="introduction">Introduction<a class="headerlink" href="#introduction" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<h3 id="keyboard-types">Keyboard Types<a class="headerlink" href="#keyboard-types" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>The first thing you need to know is that there are two types of keyboards available in the Telegram Bot API: <a href="https://core.telegram.org/bots/features#keyboards"><strong>reply</strong></a> and <a href="https://core.telegram.org/bots/features#inline-keyboards"><strong>inline</strong></a> keyboards.</p>
|
||
<p><img alt="Keyboards comparison" src="keyboards/001.png" title="Keyboards comparison"/></p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Resize option</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
In the screenshots above (and in the most others) you may see usage of reply keyboards without <code>resize_keyboard</code>. In case you will use <code>resize_keyboard = true</code> the keyboard will be smaller.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Note the differences in the way these keyboards are shown to a user.</p>
|
||
<p>A reply keyboard is shown under the message input field.
|
||
It replaces the device’s native input method on a mobile device.</p>
|
||
<p>An inline keyboard is shown as a part of the message in the chat.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="simple-keyboard-interactions">Simple Keyboard Interactions<a class="headerlink" href="#simple-keyboard-interactions" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>When a user clicks on a simple reply keyboard button, its text is just sent in the chat.</p>
|
||
<p>When a user clicks on a simple inline keyboard button, nothing is sent to the chat.
|
||
Instead, a <a href="https://core.telegram.org/bots/api#callbackquery">callback query</a> (a fancy way to say “a request”) is sent directly to the bot and the button is highlighted.
|
||
It will stay highlighted until the bot acks the callback.</p>
|
||
<p><img alt="Simple keyboard interactions" src="keyboards/002.png" title="Simple keyboard interactions"/></p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">It’s a common mistake to forget to handle callback queries</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
It leads to the buttons being highlighted for long periods of time, which leads to a bad user experience.
|
||
Don’t forget to handle these callbacks!</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>As new messages arrive, a reply keyboard will stay there, while the inline keyboard will stick to the message and move with it.</p>
|
||
<p><img alt="Keyboards position with multiple messages" src="keyboards/003.png" title="Keyboards position with multiple messages"/></p>
|
||
<p>Ups…
|
||
The reply keyboard is now far away from the message it was sent with.</p>
|
||
<p>Actually, they are two different unrelated entities now: the original message and the reply keyboard.
|
||
A reply keyboard persists until you explicitly <a href="https://core.telegram.org/bots/api#replykeyboardremove">remove</a> it or replace it with a different one.</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">It’s a common mistake to forget to remove or replace reply keyboards</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
It leads to the keyboards being shown forever. Don’t forget to remove reply keyboards when you don’t need them anymore!</p>
|
||
<p>You also may use option <code>one_time_keyboard</code> and the keyboard will be automatically removed after user interaction</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>An inline keyboard could also be removed or changed by editing the original message it was attached to.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="extended-keyboard-interactions">Extended Keyboard Interactions<a class="headerlink" href="#extended-keyboard-interactions" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>Keyboards are not limited to text only.
|
||
They could be used to ask users for different things, like payments, locations, phone numbers, etc.
|
||
They could be used to open arbitrary URLs or <a href="https://core.telegram.org/bots/webapps">web apps</a>.
|
||
Telegram clients process these buttons and interact with the users in the appropriate ways.</p>
|
||
<p>For the full list of options, see the official documentation on <a href="https://core.telegram.org/bots/api#keyboardbutton">reply</a> and <a href="https://core.telegram.org/bots/api#inlinekeyboardbutton">inline</a> keyboards.</p>
|
||
<p><img alt="Extended keyboard interactions" src="keyboards/004.png" title="Extended keyboard interactions"/></p>
|
||
<h2 id="basic-api-classes">Basic API & Classes<a class="headerlink" href="#basic-api-classes" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>Now, that you know the basics, let’s see how to use the library.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="keyboards">Keyboards<a class="headerlink" href="#keyboards" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>In Telegram Bot API keyboards are sent to the user as a part of an interaction via the <code>reply_markup</code> parameter.
|
||
More specifically, this parameter is available:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>in the <code>sendXXX</code> methods, like <a href="https://core.telegram.org/bots/api#sendmessage"><code>sendMessage</code></a>, <a href="https://core.telegram.org/bots/api#sendphoto"><code>sendPhoto</code></a>, <a href="sendSticker"><code>sendSticker</code></a>, etc.</li>
|
||
<li>in the <a href="https://core.telegram.org/bots/api#copymessage"><code>copyMessage</code></a> method</li>
|
||
<li>in the <code>editMessageXXX</code> methods, like <a href="https://core.telegram.org/bots/api#editmessagetext"><code>editMessageText</code></a>, <a href="https://core.telegram.org/bots/api#editmessagecaption"><code>editMessageCaption</code></a>, <a href="https://core.telegram.org/bots/api#editmessagereplymarkup"><code>editMessageReplyMarkup</code></a>, etc.
|
||
This also includes <code>stopXXX</code> methods like the <a href="https://core.telegram.org/bots/api#stopmessagelivelocation"><code>stopMessageLiveLocation</code></a> method.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="admonition tip">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
|
||
<p><code>editMessageReplyMarkup</code> is specifically designed to edit a message’s inline keyboard.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Sending inline keyboards is also supported in inline mode through the <code>reply_markup</code> parameter of the <a href="https://core.telegram.org/bots/api#inlinequeryresult"><code>InlineQueryResult</code></a> type and its inheritors.
|
||
However, this <a href="https://core.telegram.org/bots/inline">inline mode</a> is unrelated to the inline keyboards.</p>
|
||
<p>The <code>reply_markup</code> parameter accepts four different types.
|
||
Two of them — <a href="https://core.telegram.org/bots/api#replykeyboardmarkup"><code>ReplyKeyboardMarkup</code></a> and <a href="https://core.telegram.org/bots/api#inlinekeyboardmarkup"><code>InlineKeyboardMarkup</code></a> — correspond to the reply and inline keyboards respectively.
|
||
The <a href="https://core.telegram.org/bots/api#replykeyboardremove"><code>ReplyKeyboardRemove</code></a> type is used to remove reply keyboards, but it’s not a keyboard itself.
|
||
The last one, <a href="https://core.telegram.org/bots/api#forcereply"><code>ForceReply</code></a>, is used to force users to reply to the bot.
|
||
It is not a keyboard either, but yet another dirty hack employed by the Telegram Bot API.</p>
|
||
<p><img alt="A force reply" src="keyboards/005.png" title="A force reply"/></p>
|
||
<p>Now, in the library, the <a href="https://tgbotapi.inmo.dev/tgbotapi.core/dev.inmo.tgbotapi.abstracts.types/-with-reply-markup/index.html"><code>WithReplyMarkup</code></a> is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marker_interface_pattern">marker interface</a> for all the interactions which could have a <code>replyMarkup</code> (represents <code>reply_markup</code>) parameter.
|
||
It is extended by the <a href="https://tgbotapi.inmo.dev/tgbotapi.core/dev.inmo.tgbotapi.requests.send.abstracts/-replying-markup-send-message-request/index.html"><code>ReplyingMarkupSendMessageRequest</code></a>, and then, finally, by classes like <a href="https://tgbotapi.inmo.dev/tgbotapi.core/dev.inmo.tgbotapi.requests.send/-send-text-message/index.html"><code>SendTextMessage</code></a>.
|
||
This, basically, corresponds to the Telegram Bot API.</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>You may see all the inheritors of <code>WithReplyMarkup</code> interfaces in the corresponding <a href="https://tgbotapi.inmo.dev/tgbotapi.core/dev.inmo.tgbotapi.abstracts.types/-with-reply-markup/index.html">KDoc</a></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>The other way to send a keyboard is through the <code>replyMarkup</code> parameter of the numerous extension methods, like <a href="https://tgbotapi.inmo.dev/tgbotapi.api/dev.inmo.tgbotapi.extensions.api.send/send-message.html"><code>sendMessage</code></a>.
|
||
Those are just convenient wrappers around general interaction classes, like the aforementioned <code>SendTextMessage</code>.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="buttons">Buttons<a class="headerlink" href="#buttons" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>As we already know, keyboards consist of buttons.
|
||
Button classes reside in the <code>dev.inmo.tgbotapi.types.buttons</code> package.</p>
|
||
<p>The base class for the reply keyboard buttons is the <a href="https://tgbotapi.inmo.dev/tgbotapi.core/dev.inmo.tgbotapi.types.buttons/-keyboard-button/index.html"><code>KeyboardButton</code></a>.
|
||
The base class for the inline keyboard buttons is the <a href="https://tgbotapi.inmo.dev/tgbotapi.core/dev.inmo.tgbotapi.types.buttons.InlineKeyboardButtons/-inline-keyboard-button/index.html"><code>InlineKeyboardButton</code></a>.</p>
|
||
<p>See their inheritors for the full list of the available buttons.
|
||
The names are pretty self-explanatory and correspond to the Telegram Bot API.</p>
|
||
<p>For example, to send a simple reply keyboard button, use the <a href="https://tgbotapi.inmo.dev/tgbotapi.core/dev.inmo.tgbotapi.types.buttons/-simple-keyboard-button/index.html"><code>SimpleKeyboardButton</code></a> class.
|
||
To request a contact from the user through the reply, use the <a href="https://tgbotapi.inmo.dev/tgbotapi.core/dev.inmo.tgbotapi.types.buttons/-request-contact-keyboard-button/index.html"><code>RequestContactKeyboardButton</code></a> class.
|
||
To attach a URL button to the message, use the <a href="https://tgbotapi.inmo.dev/tgbotapi.core/dev.inmo.tgbotapi.types.buttons.InlineKeyboardButtons/-u-r-l-inline-keyboard-button/index.html"><code>URLInlineKeyboardButton</code></a>.
|
||
And to attach a callback button, use the <a href="https://tgbotapi.inmo.dev/tgbotapi.core/dev.inmo.tgbotapi.types.buttons.InlineKeyboardButtons/-callback-data-inline-keyboard-button/index.html"><code>CallbackDataInlineKeyboardButton</code></a>.</p>
|
||
<p>You get the idea.</p>
|
||
<p>So, to send a reply keyboard use the following code:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-kotlin highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-0-1"><a href="#__codelineno-0-1" id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="n">bot</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">sendMessage</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-0-2"><a href="#__codelineno-0-2" id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">chatId</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">chat</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-0-3"><a href="#__codelineno-0-3" id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">text</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"What is the best Kotlin Telegram Bot API library?"</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-0-4"><a href="#__codelineno-0-4" id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">replyMarkup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ReplyKeyboardMarkup</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-0-5"><a href="#__codelineno-0-5" id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">keyboard</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">listOf</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-0-6"><a href="#__codelineno-0-6" id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">listOf</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-0-7"><a href="#__codelineno-0-7" id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SimpleKeyboardButton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"ktgbotapi"</span><span class="p">),</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-0-8"><a href="#__codelineno-0-8" id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">),</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-0-9"><a href="#__codelineno-0-9" id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-0-10"><a href="#__codelineno-0-10" id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-0-11"><a href="#__codelineno-0-11" id="__codelineno-0-11" name="__codelineno-0-11"></a><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>And here is how you send a basic inline keyboard:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-kotlin highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-1-1"><a href="#__codelineno-1-1" id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="n">bot</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">sendMessage</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-1-2"><a href="#__codelineno-1-2" id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">chatId</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">chat</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-1-3"><a href="#__codelineno-1-3" id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">text</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"ktgbotapi is the best Kotlin Telegram Bot API library"</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-1-4"><a href="#__codelineno-1-4" id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">replyMarkup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">InlineKeyboardMarkup</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-1-5"><a href="#__codelineno-1-5" id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">keyboard</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">listOf</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-1-6"><a href="#__codelineno-1-6" id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">listOf</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-1-7"><a href="#__codelineno-1-7" id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CallbackDataInlineKeyboardButton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"I know"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"know"</span><span class="p">),</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-1-8"><a href="#__codelineno-1-8" id="__codelineno-1-8" name="__codelineno-1-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">URLInlineKeyboardButton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Learn more"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"https://github.com/InsanusMokrassar/ktgbotapi"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-1-9"><a href="#__codelineno-1-9" id="__codelineno-1-9" name="__codelineno-1-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">),</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-1-10"><a href="#__codelineno-1-10" id="__codelineno-1-10" name="__codelineno-1-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-1-11"><a href="#__codelineno-1-11" id="__codelineno-1-11" name="__codelineno-1-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">),</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-1-12"><a href="#__codelineno-1-12" id="__codelineno-1-12" name="__codelineno-1-12"></a><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p><img alt="Keyboards with ktgbotapi" src="keyboards/006.png" title="Keyboards with ktgbotapi"/></p>
|
||
<p>When we’re done with this simple quiz, we can remove the keyboard with the following code:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-kotlin highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-2-1"><a href="#__codelineno-2-1" id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="n">bot</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">sendMessage</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-2-2"><a href="#__codelineno-2-2" id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">chatId</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">chat</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-2-3"><a href="#__codelineno-2-3" id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">text</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"You're goddamn right!"</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-2-4"><a href="#__codelineno-2-4" id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">replyMarkup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ReplyKeyboardRemove</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-2-5"><a href="#__codelineno-2-5" id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5"></a><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>Don’t forget to remove the reply keyboards!</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h3 id="matrices">Matrices<a class="headerlink" href="#matrices" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>Buttons in keyboards are arranged in matrices, i.e. two-dimensional arrays, or, to say in layperson’s terms, rows and columns.
|
||
In contrast to the matrices you’ve learned in school, keyboards are not always necessarily square.
|
||
Try it:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-kotlin highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-3-1"><a href="#__codelineno-3-1" id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="n">bot</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">sendMessage</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-3-2"><a href="#__codelineno-3-2" id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">chatId</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">chat</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-3-3"><a href="#__codelineno-3-3" id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">text</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"In contrast to the matrices you've learned in school, keyboards are not always necessary square."</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-3-4"><a href="#__codelineno-3-4" id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">replyMarkup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">InlineKeyboardMarkup</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-3-5"><a href="#__codelineno-3-5" id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">keyboard</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">listOf</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-3-6"><a href="#__codelineno-3-6" id="__codelineno-3-6" name="__codelineno-3-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">listOf</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-3-7"><a href="#__codelineno-3-7" id="__codelineno-3-7" name="__codelineno-3-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CallbackDataInlineKeyboardButton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"1"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"1"</span><span class="p">),</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-3-8"><a href="#__codelineno-3-8" id="__codelineno-3-8" name="__codelineno-3-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CallbackDataInlineKeyboardButton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"2"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"2"</span><span class="p">),</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-3-9"><a href="#__codelineno-3-9" id="__codelineno-3-9" name="__codelineno-3-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CallbackDataInlineKeyboardButton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"3"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"3"</span><span class="p">),</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-3-10"><a href="#__codelineno-3-10" id="__codelineno-3-10" name="__codelineno-3-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">),</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-3-11"><a href="#__codelineno-3-11" id="__codelineno-3-11" name="__codelineno-3-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">listOf</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-3-12"><a href="#__codelineno-3-12" id="__codelineno-3-12" name="__codelineno-3-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CallbackDataInlineKeyboardButton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"4"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"4"</span><span class="p">),</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-3-13"><a href="#__codelineno-3-13" id="__codelineno-3-13" name="__codelineno-3-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CallbackDataInlineKeyboardButton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"5"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"5"</span><span class="p">),</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-3-14"><a href="#__codelineno-3-14" id="__codelineno-3-14" name="__codelineno-3-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">),</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-3-15"><a href="#__codelineno-3-15" id="__codelineno-3-15" name="__codelineno-3-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">listOf</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-3-16"><a href="#__codelineno-3-16" id="__codelineno-3-16" name="__codelineno-3-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CallbackDataInlineKeyboardButton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"6"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"6"</span><span class="p">),</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-3-17"><a href="#__codelineno-3-17" id="__codelineno-3-17" name="__codelineno-3-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-3-18"><a href="#__codelineno-3-18" id="__codelineno-3-18" name="__codelineno-3-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-3-19"><a href="#__codelineno-3-19" id="__codelineno-3-19" name="__codelineno-3-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-3-20"><a href="#__codelineno-3-20" id="__codelineno-3-20" name="__codelineno-3-20"></a><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p><img alt="A triangular keyboard" src="keyboards/007.png" title="A triangular keyboard"/></p>
|
||
<p>This way of building matrices is not very convenient, so the library provides a few eloquent DSLs to simplify that.</p>
|
||
<p>First, there are <a href="https://tgbotapi.inmo.dev/tgbotapi.core/dev.inmo.tgbotapi.utils/matrix.html"><code>matrix</code></a> and <a href="https://tgbotapi.inmo.dev/tgbotapi.core/dev.inmo.tgbotapi.utils/row.html"><code>row</code></a>, so the keyboard above can be built like this:</p>
|
||
<p><div class="language-kotlin highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-4-1"><a href="#__codelineno-4-1" id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="n">bot</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">sendMessage</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-4-2"><a href="#__codelineno-4-2" id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">chatId</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">chat</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-4-3"><a href="#__codelineno-4-3" id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">text</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"DSLs are sweet!"</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-4-4"><a href="#__codelineno-4-4" id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">replyMarkup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">InlineKeyboardMarkup</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-4-5"><a href="#__codelineno-4-5" id="__codelineno-4-5" name="__codelineno-4-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">keyboard</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">matrix</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-4-6"><a href="#__codelineno-4-6" id="__codelineno-4-6" name="__codelineno-4-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-4-7"><a href="#__codelineno-4-7" id="__codelineno-4-7" name="__codelineno-4-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">CallbackDataInlineKeyboardButton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"1"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"1"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-4-8"><a href="#__codelineno-4-8" id="__codelineno-4-8" name="__codelineno-4-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">CallbackDataInlineKeyboardButton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"2"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"2"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-4-9"><a href="#__codelineno-4-9" id="__codelineno-4-9" name="__codelineno-4-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">CallbackDataInlineKeyboardButton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"3"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"3"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-4-10"><a href="#__codelineno-4-10" id="__codelineno-4-10" name="__codelineno-4-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-4-11"><a href="#__codelineno-4-11" id="__codelineno-4-11" name="__codelineno-4-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-4-12"><a href="#__codelineno-4-12" id="__codelineno-4-12" name="__codelineno-4-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CallbackDataInlineKeyboardButton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"4"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"4"</span><span class="p">),</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-4-13"><a href="#__codelineno-4-13" id="__codelineno-4-13" name="__codelineno-4-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CallbackDataInlineKeyboardButton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"5"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"5"</span><span class="p">),</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-4-14"><a href="#__codelineno-4-14" id="__codelineno-4-14" name="__codelineno-4-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-4-15"><a href="#__codelineno-4-15" id="__codelineno-4-15" name="__codelineno-4-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-4-16"><a href="#__codelineno-4-16" id="__codelineno-4-16" name="__codelineno-4-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">CallbackDataInlineKeyboardButton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"6"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"6"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-4-17"><a href="#__codelineno-4-17" id="__codelineno-4-17" name="__codelineno-4-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-4-18"><a href="#__codelineno-4-18" id="__codelineno-4-18" name="__codelineno-4-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">},</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-4-19"><a href="#__codelineno-4-19" id="__codelineno-4-19" name="__codelineno-4-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-4-20"><a href="#__codelineno-4-20" id="__codelineno-4-20" name="__codelineno-4-20"></a><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>Those plus signs are mandatory.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>There are two different <code>row</code> functions here. Can you spot the difference?</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>A single-row matrix can be built with a <a href="https://tgbotapi.inmo.dev/tgbotapi.core/dev.inmo.tgbotapi.utils/flat-matrix.html"><code>flatMatrix</code></a>:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-kotlin highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-5-1"><a href="#__codelineno-5-1" id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="n">flatMatrix</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-5-2"><a href="#__codelineno-5-2" id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">CallbackDataInlineKeyboardButton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"1"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"1"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-5-3"><a href="#__codelineno-5-3" id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">CallbackDataInlineKeyboardButton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"2"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"2"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-5-4"><a href="#__codelineno-5-4" id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">CallbackDataInlineKeyboardButton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"3"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"3"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-5-5"><a href="#__codelineno-5-5" id="__codelineno-5-5" name="__codelineno-5-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">CallbackDataInlineKeyboardButton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"4"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"4"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-5-6"><a href="#__codelineno-5-6" id="__codelineno-5-6" name="__codelineno-5-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">CallbackDataInlineKeyboardButton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"5"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"5"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-5-7"><a href="#__codelineno-5-7" id="__codelineno-5-7" name="__codelineno-5-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>But the most convenient way to build a simple keyboard is to use the constructor-like methods: <a href="https://tgbotapi.inmo.dev/tgbotapi.utils/dev.inmo.tgbotapi.extensions.utils.types.buttons/-inline-keyboard-markup.html"><code>InlineKeyboardMarkup</code></a> and <a href="https://tgbotapi.inmo.dev/tgbotapi.utils/dev.inmo.tgbotapi.extensions.utils.types.buttons/-reply-keyboard-markup.html"><code>ReplyKeyboardMarkup</code></a>.
|
||
Note, that they are named just like the corresponding constructor, but take a vararg of buttons.
|
||
They create flat matrices, i.e. single rows.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="keyboards-dsl">Keyboards DSL<a class="headerlink" href="#keyboards-dsl" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>Finally, there are <a href="https://tgbotapi.inmo.dev/tgbotapi.utils/dev.inmo.tgbotapi.extensions.utils.types.buttons/inline-keyboard.html"><code>inlineKeyboard</code></a> and <a href="https://tgbotapi.inmo.dev/tgbotapi.utils/dev.inmo.tgbotapi.extensions.utils.types.buttons/reply-keyboard.html"><code>replyKeyboard</code></a></p>
|
||
<p>DSL methods above rely on Kotlin’s feature of receivers and extensions.
|
||
So, the magic is done by <a href="https://tgbotapi.inmo.dev/tgbotapi.core/dev.inmo.tgbotapi.utils/-matrix-builder/index.html"><code>MatrixBuilder</code></a> and <a href="https://tgbotapi.inmo.dev/tgbotapi.core/dev.inmo.tgbotapi.utils/-row-builder/index.html"><code>RowBuilder</code></a>.
|
||
That’s why you must use the plus sign to add buttons to the matrix: it’s just an overloaded operator call, another cool Kotlin feature widely used to create sweet DSLs.</p>
|
||
<p>Another bonus of using these DSLs is button builders, like <a href="https://tgbotapi.inmo.dev/tgbotapi.utils/dev.inmo.tgbotapi.extensions.utils.types.buttons/pay-button.html"><code>payButton</code></a>, <a href="https://tgbotapi.inmo.dev/tgbotapi.utils/dev.inmo.tgbotapi.extensions.utils.types.buttons/data-button.html"><code>dataButton</code></a>, and <a href="https://tgbotapi.inmo.dev/tgbotapi.utils/dev.inmo.tgbotapi.extensions.utils.types.buttons/url-button.html"><code>urlButton</code></a>:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-kotlin highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-6-1"><a href="#__codelineno-6-1" id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="n">bot</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">sendMessage</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-6-2"><a href="#__codelineno-6-2" id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">chatId</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">chat</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-6-3"><a href="#__codelineno-6-3" id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">text</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"All in one!"</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-6-4"><a href="#__codelineno-6-4" id="__codelineno-6-4" name="__codelineno-6-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">replyMarkup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">InlineKeyboardMarkup</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-6-5"><a href="#__codelineno-6-5" id="__codelineno-6-5" name="__codelineno-6-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">keyboard</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">matrix</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-6-6"><a href="#__codelineno-6-6" id="__codelineno-6-6" name="__codelineno-6-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-6-7"><a href="#__codelineno-6-7" id="__codelineno-6-7" name="__codelineno-6-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">payButton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Send money"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-6-8"><a href="#__codelineno-6-8" id="__codelineno-6-8" name="__codelineno-6-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dataButton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Ok"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"ok"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-6-9"><a href="#__codelineno-6-9" id="__codelineno-6-9" name="__codelineno-6-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">urlButton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Google"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"https://google.com"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-6-10"><a href="#__codelineno-6-10" id="__codelineno-6-10" name="__codelineno-6-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-6-11"><a href="#__codelineno-6-11" id="__codelineno-6-11" name="__codelineno-6-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">},</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-6-12"><a href="#__codelineno-6-12" id="__codelineno-6-12" name="__codelineno-6-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-6-13"><a href="#__codelineno-6-13" id="__codelineno-6-13" name="__codelineno-6-13"></a><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>Reply keyboard builders provide similar extensions, e.g.
|
||
<a href="https://tgbotapi.inmo.dev/tgbotapi.utils/dev.inmo.tgbotapi.extensions.utils.types.buttons/request-location-button.html"><code>requestLocationButton</code></a>.</p>
|
||
<p>So, choose the style you like — from plain Kotlin lists to sweet DSLs — and use it!</p>
|
||
<h2 id="working-with-keyboards">Working with keyboards<a class="headerlink" href="#working-with-keyboards" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>Working with keyboards is not something special in Telegram Bot API.
|
||
As you have already seen, keyboards are just message parameters.
|
||
Similarly, keyboard interactions are represented by regular <a href="https://core.telegram.org/bots/api#getting-updates">Updates</a>.
|
||
I.e. when a user interacts with a keyboard, the bot receives an update.</p>
|
||
<p>On the other hand, the library is heavily typed, so the actual type of update you would receive varies.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="reply-keyboards">Reply keyboards<a class="headerlink" href="#reply-keyboards" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>As it was said, reply keyboards cause Telegram clients to send regular messages back to the bot.
|
||
Peruse this example:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-kotlin highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-7-1"><a href="#__codelineno-7-1" id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="n">bot</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">buildBehaviourWithLongPolling</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-2"><a href="#__codelineno-7-2" id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bot</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">sendMessage</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-3"><a href="#__codelineno-7-3" id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">chatId</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">chat</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-4"><a href="#__codelineno-7-4" id="__codelineno-7-4" name="__codelineno-7-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">text</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"👮 Turn in your accomplices or be prepared for a lengthy 🍆 incarceration ⛓ 👊 ‼"</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-5"><a href="#__codelineno-7-5" id="__codelineno-7-5" name="__codelineno-7-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">replyMarkup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">replyKeyboard</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-6"><a href="#__codelineno-7-6" id="__codelineno-7-6" name="__codelineno-7-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">SimpleKeyboardButton</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-7"><a href="#__codelineno-7-7" id="__codelineno-7-7" name="__codelineno-7-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"I ain't no rat! 🚫🐀🤐🙅"</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-8"><a href="#__codelineno-7-8" id="__codelineno-7-8" name="__codelineno-7-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-9"><a href="#__codelineno-7-9" id="__codelineno-7-9" name="__codelineno-7-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">RequestUserKeyboardButton</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-10"><a href="#__codelineno-7-10" id="__codelineno-7-10" name="__codelineno-7-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Rat out 🐀 a friend 👤"</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-11"><a href="#__codelineno-7-11" id="__codelineno-7-11" name="__codelineno-7-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">KeyboardButtonRequestUser</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">Common</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">RequestId</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">random</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-12"><a href="#__codelineno-7-12" id="__codelineno-7-12" name="__codelineno-7-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-13"><a href="#__codelineno-7-13" id="__codelineno-7-13" name="__codelineno-7-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">RequestChatKeyboardButton</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-14"><a href="#__codelineno-7-14" id="__codelineno-7-14" name="__codelineno-7-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Rat out 🐀 a group of friends 👥"</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-15"><a href="#__codelineno-7-15" id="__codelineno-7-15" name="__codelineno-7-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">KeyboardButtonRequestChat</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">Group</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">RequestId</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">random</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-16"><a href="#__codelineno-7-16" id="__codelineno-7-16" name="__codelineno-7-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-17"><a href="#__codelineno-7-17" id="__codelineno-7-17" name="__codelineno-7-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-18"><a href="#__codelineno-7-18" id="__codelineno-7-18" name="__codelineno-7-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-19"><a href="#__codelineno-7-19" id="__codelineno-7-19" name="__codelineno-7-19"></a>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-20"><a href="#__codelineno-7-20" id="__codelineno-7-20" name="__codelineno-7-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">onText</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">message</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">CommonMessage</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">TextContent</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-></span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-21"><a href="#__codelineno-7-21" id="__codelineno-7-21" name="__codelineno-7-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">assert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">message</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">text</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"I ain't no rat! 🚫🐀🤐🙅"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-22"><a href="#__codelineno-7-22" id="__codelineno-7-22" name="__codelineno-7-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bot</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">reply</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-23"><a href="#__codelineno-7-23" id="__codelineno-7-23" name="__codelineno-7-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">message</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-24"><a href="#__codelineno-7-24" id="__codelineno-7-24" name="__codelineno-7-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">text</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Good, you're going to jail alone! ⛓🧑⛓"</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-25"><a href="#__codelineno-7-25" id="__codelineno-7-25" name="__codelineno-7-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">replyMarkup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ReplyKeyboardRemove</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-26"><a href="#__codelineno-7-26" id="__codelineno-7-26" name="__codelineno-7-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-27"><a href="#__codelineno-7-27" id="__codelineno-7-27" name="__codelineno-7-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-28"><a href="#__codelineno-7-28" id="__codelineno-7-28" name="__codelineno-7-28"></a>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-29"><a href="#__codelineno-7-29" id="__codelineno-7-29" name="__codelineno-7-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">onUserShared</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">message</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PrivateEventMessage</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">UserShared</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-></span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-30"><a href="#__codelineno-7-30" id="__codelineno-7-30" name="__codelineno-7-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bot</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">reply</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-31"><a href="#__codelineno-7-31" id="__codelineno-7-31" name="__codelineno-7-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">message</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-32"><a href="#__codelineno-7-32" id="__codelineno-7-32" name="__codelineno-7-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">text</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Haha, you and you friend are both going to jail! ⛓👬⛓"</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-33"><a href="#__codelineno-7-33" id="__codelineno-7-33" name="__codelineno-7-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">replyMarkup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ReplyKeyboardRemove</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-34"><a href="#__codelineno-7-34" id="__codelineno-7-34" name="__codelineno-7-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-35"><a href="#__codelineno-7-35" id="__codelineno-7-35" name="__codelineno-7-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-36"><a href="#__codelineno-7-36" id="__codelineno-7-36" name="__codelineno-7-36"></a>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-37"><a href="#__codelineno-7-37" id="__codelineno-7-37" name="__codelineno-7-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">onChatShared</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">message</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PrivateEventMessage</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">ChatShared</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-></span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-38"><a href="#__codelineno-7-38" id="__codelineno-7-38" name="__codelineno-7-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bot</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">reply</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-39"><a href="#__codelineno-7-39" id="__codelineno-7-39" name="__codelineno-7-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">message</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-40"><a href="#__codelineno-7-40" id="__codelineno-7-40" name="__codelineno-7-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">text</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Haha, now you're all going to jail! ⛓👨👦👦⛓"</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-41"><a href="#__codelineno-7-41" id="__codelineno-7-41" name="__codelineno-7-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">replyMarkup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ReplyKeyboardRemove</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-42"><a href="#__codelineno-7-42" id="__codelineno-7-42" name="__codelineno-7-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-43"><a href="#__codelineno-7-43" id="__codelineno-7-43" name="__codelineno-7-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-44"><a href="#__codelineno-7-44" id="__codelineno-7-44" name="__codelineno-7-44"></a><span class="p">}.</span><span class="na">join</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>Read more about <code>buildBehaviourWithLongPolling</code> <a href="../logic/behaviour-builder.html">here</a></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>I hope you get the idea: the bot acts like a cop and asks the user to rat out his friends via a reply keyboard (it’s an imaginary situation, of course).
|
||
The user may refuse to cooperate, rat out a single friend or the whole imaginary group.
|
||
The bot receives the user’s choices as regular updates, the code above has explicit types (generally optional in Kotlin) and an assert to demonstrate this.</p>
|
||
<p>And here is how it works (the user selects the options in the order):</p>
|
||
<video src="keyboards/008.mp4" width="100%"></video>
|
||
<!--  -->
|
||
<p>Note how you handle reply keyboards: you process regular messages.
|
||
For instance, a simple text button sends a regular text message indistinguishable from a case when a user simply types the same text manually.</p>
|
||
<p>And don’t be a rat in real life: remove the keyboards with the <code>ReplyKeyboardRemove</code> after you’ve received the input!
|
||
Otherwise, a keyboard will stay there indefinitely.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="inline-keyboards">Inline keyboards<a class="headerlink" href="#inline-keyboards" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>Finally, to master the keyboards, you need to know how to handle the inline ones.</p>
|
||
<p>Again, let’s explore the example.
|
||
Imagine you’re making a quiz where users are given a question and a set of answers.
|
||
Additionally, users are given a link to the wiki page to help with the question and a Google button.</p>
|
||
<p>The quiz could be implemented this way:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-kotlin highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-8-1"><a href="#__codelineno-8-1" id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="c1">// A simple data class to represent a question</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-2"><a href="#__codelineno-8-2" id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2"></a><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">question</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Question</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-3"><a href="#__codelineno-8-3" id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">image</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Tsunami_by_hokusai_19th_century.jpg"</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-4"><a href="#__codelineno-8-4" id="__codelineno-8-4" name="__codelineno-8-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">question</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Who painted this?"</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-5"><a href="#__codelineno-8-5" id="__codelineno-8-5" name="__codelineno-8-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">answers</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">listOf</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-6"><a href="#__codelineno-8-6" id="__codelineno-8-6" name="__codelineno-8-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Answer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Hokusai"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">correct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">),</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-7"><a href="#__codelineno-8-7" id="__codelineno-8-7" name="__codelineno-8-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Answer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Sukenobu"</span><span class="p">),</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-8"><a href="#__codelineno-8-8" id="__codelineno-8-8" name="__codelineno-8-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Answer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Chōshun"</span><span class="p">),</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-9"><a href="#__codelineno-8-9" id="__codelineno-8-9" name="__codelineno-8-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Answer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Kiyonobu I"</span><span class="p">),</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-10"><a href="#__codelineno-8-10" id="__codelineno-8-10" name="__codelineno-8-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">),</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-11"><a href="#__codelineno-8-11" id="__codelineno-8-11" name="__codelineno-8-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">wiki</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukiyo-e"</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-12"><a href="#__codelineno-8-12" id="__codelineno-8-12" name="__codelineno-8-12"></a><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-13"><a href="#__codelineno-8-13" id="__codelineno-8-13" name="__codelineno-8-13"></a>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-14"><a href="#__codelineno-8-14" id="__codelineno-8-14" name="__codelineno-8-14"></a><span class="n">bot</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">buildBehaviourWithLongPolling</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-15"><a href="#__codelineno-8-15" id="__codelineno-8-15" name="__codelineno-8-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bot</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">sendPhoto</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-16"><a href="#__codelineno-8-16" id="__codelineno-8-16" name="__codelineno-8-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">chatId</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">chat</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-17"><a href="#__codelineno-8-17" id="__codelineno-8-17" name="__codelineno-8-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fileId</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">InputFile</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">fromUrl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">question</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">image</span><span class="p">),</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-18"><a href="#__codelineno-8-18" id="__codelineno-8-18" name="__codelineno-8-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">text</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">question</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">question</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-19"><a href="#__codelineno-8-19" id="__codelineno-8-19" name="__codelineno-8-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">replyMarkup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inlineKeyboard</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-20"><a href="#__codelineno-8-20" id="__codelineno-8-20" name="__codelineno-8-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// First row: answers</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-21"><a href="#__codelineno-8-21" id="__codelineno-8-21" name="__codelineno-8-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-22"><a href="#__codelineno-8-22" id="__codelineno-8-22" name="__codelineno-8-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">answer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">question</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">answers</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">shuffled</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-23"><a href="#__codelineno-8-23" id="__codelineno-8-23" name="__codelineno-8-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dataButton</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-24"><a href="#__codelineno-8-24" id="__codelineno-8-24" name="__codelineno-8-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">text</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">answer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">answer</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-25"><a href="#__codelineno-8-25" id="__codelineno-8-25" name="__codelineno-8-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="n">answer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">answer</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s">:</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="n">answer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">correct</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-26"><a href="#__codelineno-8-26" id="__codelineno-8-26" name="__codelineno-8-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-27"><a href="#__codelineno-8-27" id="__codelineno-8-27" name="__codelineno-8-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-28"><a href="#__codelineno-8-28" id="__codelineno-8-28" name="__codelineno-8-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-29"><a href="#__codelineno-8-29" id="__codelineno-8-29" name="__codelineno-8-29"></a>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-30"><a href="#__codelineno-8-30" id="__codelineno-8-30" name="__codelineno-8-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Second row: help buttons</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-31"><a href="#__codelineno-8-31" id="__codelineno-8-31" name="__codelineno-8-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-32"><a href="#__codelineno-8-32" id="__codelineno-8-32" name="__codelineno-8-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">urlButton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Wiki 💁"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">question</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">wiki</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-33"><a href="#__codelineno-8-33" id="__codelineno-8-33" name="__codelineno-8-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">webAppButton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Google 🔍"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"https://google.com"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-34"><a href="#__codelineno-8-34" id="__codelineno-8-34" name="__codelineno-8-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-35"><a href="#__codelineno-8-35" id="__codelineno-8-35" name="__codelineno-8-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-36"><a href="#__codelineno-8-36" id="__codelineno-8-36" name="__codelineno-8-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-37"><a href="#__codelineno-8-37" id="__codelineno-8-37" name="__codelineno-8-37"></a>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-38"><a href="#__codelineno-8-38" id="__codelineno-8-38" name="__codelineno-8-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">onDataCallbackQuery</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">callback</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DataCallbackQuery</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-></span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-39"><a href="#__codelineno-8-39" id="__codelineno-8-39" name="__codelineno-8-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">answer</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">correct</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">callback</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">data</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">":"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-40"><a href="#__codelineno-8-40" id="__codelineno-8-40" name="__codelineno-8-40"></a>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-41"><a href="#__codelineno-8-41" id="__codelineno-8-41" name="__codelineno-8-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">correct</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toBoolean</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-42"><a href="#__codelineno-8-42" id="__codelineno-8-42" name="__codelineno-8-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bot</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">answerCallbackQuery</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-43"><a href="#__codelineno-8-43" id="__codelineno-8-43" name="__codelineno-8-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">callback</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-44"><a href="#__codelineno-8-44" id="__codelineno-8-44" name="__codelineno-8-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">text</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"</span><span class="si">$</span><span class="n">answer</span><span class="s"> is a ✅ correct answer!"</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-45"><a href="#__codelineno-8-45" id="__codelineno-8-45" name="__codelineno-8-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">showAlert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-46"><a href="#__codelineno-8-46" id="__codelineno-8-46" name="__codelineno-8-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-47"><a href="#__codelineno-8-47" id="__codelineno-8-47" name="__codelineno-8-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-48"><a href="#__codelineno-8-48" id="__codelineno-8-48" name="__codelineno-8-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bot</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">answerCallbackQuery</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-49"><a href="#__codelineno-8-49" id="__codelineno-8-49" name="__codelineno-8-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">callback</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-50"><a href="#__codelineno-8-50" id="__codelineno-8-50" name="__codelineno-8-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">text</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"❌ Try again, </span><span class="si">$</span><span class="n">answer</span><span class="s"> is not a correct answer…"</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-51"><a href="#__codelineno-8-51" id="__codelineno-8-51" name="__codelineno-8-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">showAlert</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-52"><a href="#__codelineno-8-52" id="__codelineno-8-52" name="__codelineno-8-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-53"><a href="#__codelineno-8-53" id="__codelineno-8-53" name="__codelineno-8-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-54"><a href="#__codelineno-8-54" id="__codelineno-8-54" name="__codelineno-8-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-8-55"><a href="#__codelineno-8-55" id="__codelineno-8-55" name="__codelineno-8-55"></a><span class="p">}.</span><span class="na">join</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>A few important things to note here.</p>
|
||
<p>First, the data buttons (they have the <a href="https://tgbotapi.inmo.dev/tgbotapi.core/dev.inmo.tgbotapi.types.buttons.InlineKeyboardButtons/-callback-data-inline-keyboard-button/index.html"><code>CallbackDataInlineKeyboardButton</code></a> type, but in the code we used a <a href="https://tgbotapi.inmo.dev/tgbotapi.utils/dev.inmo.tgbotapi.extensions.utils.types.buttons/data-button.html">neat DSL</a>) must have unique <code>data</code>.
|
||
If the <code>data</code> is not unique, Telegram clients will highlight all the buttons with the same data when a user clicks on one of them.
|
||
Guess how I know that?
|
||
Well, it’s not in the docs, so trial and error is the only way to learn it (and many other things about the Telegram Bot API).</p>
|
||
<p>Second, the way you handle inline keyboards is different from the way you handle reply keyboards.
|
||
Bot API will send updates with a <code>callback_query</code> field populated.
|
||
This field, of a <a href="https://core.telegram.org/bots/api#callbackquery"><code>CallbackQuery</code></a> type, represents incoming callbacks from callback buttons in inline keyboards.
|
||
The library turns them into <a href="https://tgbotapi.inmo.dev/tgbotapi.core/dev.inmo.tgbotapi.types.queries.callback/index.html">multiple callback types</a>, like the <a href="https://tgbotapi.inmo.dev/tgbotapi.core/dev.inmo.tgbotapi.types.queries.callback/-data-callback-query/index.html"><code>DataCallbackQuery</code></a> we used in the example.
|
||
Finally, to handle these callbacks you could use <a href="https://tgbotapi.inmo.dev/tgbotapi.behaviour_builder/dev.inmo.tgbotapi.extensions.behaviour_builder.triggers_handling/on-data-callback-query.html"><code>onDataCallbackQuery</code></a>.
|
||
Alternatively, if you’re not using any DSLs, you have to handle the <a href="https://tgbotapi.inmo.dev/tgbotapi.core/dev.inmo.tgbotapi.types.update/-callback-query-update/index.html"><code>CallbackQueryUpdate</code></a> update type.</p>
|
||
<p>Third, the buttons got highlighted when a user clicks on them.
|
||
When you’re done with the callback, you need to answer it, by using the <a href="https://tgbotapi.inmo.dev/tgbotapi.api/dev.inmo.tgbotapi.extensions.api.answers/answer-callback-query.html"><code>answerCallbackQuery</code></a> function.
|
||
Otherwise, the button will remain highlighted.
|
||
Telegram clients will eventually remove the highlight, but it’s still frustrating.</p>
|
||
<p>Finally, you could choose between two styles of acknowledgment: a simple toast-like message or a modal alert.
|
||
The <code>showAlert</code> flag controls this behavior.</p>
|
||
<p>And here is the demo of the quiz:</p>
|
||
<video src="keyboards/009.mp4" width="100%"></video>
|
||
<!--  -->
|
||
<h2 id="conclusion">Conclusion<a class="headerlink" href="#conclusion" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>Today we’ve learned how to use keyboards in Telegram bots.
|
||
There are two types of keyboards: reply and inline.
|
||
Reply keyboards replace the device’s keyboard and make clients send a message with the predefined content.
|
||
Inline keyboards are buttons attached to messages.
|
||
Clicking on them causes the client to send a callback to the bot.
|
||
In both scenarios the bot receives an update of a corresponding type and has to acknowledge the keayboard interaction for the client to work properly.</p>
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